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Post by Deleted on Feb 13, 2013 17:37:50 GMT -7
This weekend we discussed the concept of light. We took a look at the Greek usages of the
Word going back to the 8th century BC and how the primary definition of light then branched out to the various
meanings referenced in the Old and New Testaments. Next week we will try to look at what role the concept of
light has in the text of 1John 1:5-7.
THE CONCEPT OF LIGHT
φῶς - Noun, φωτίζω - Verb
cl - The first attestations (8th cent BC) of “light” (phaos, which contracts to phōs from faō
to shine -Thayer)—place it in relation with its source, and this remains constant—the sun (Spicq, NIDNTT, homer)
light as opposed to darkness. That quality which shines forth or penetrates to reveal. First daylight, then fire, then
later naturally took on metaphorical uses.
LIGHT USED IN THE BIBLE:
1. Physical Light: Sun, Moon, Lamp etc:
1. (NOUN) Physical light as opposed to physical darkness:
1. Creation of planetary light giving objects (Gen 1:14-18 Day three 14 Then God said, “Let there be lights (φω
στήρ(φαίνω - light giving body) in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day
from the night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years; 15 and let them be for lights in the expanse of the heavens to
give light (φαίνειν - inf. of φαίνω) on the earth”; and it was so.
16 God made the two great lights, the greater light (φωστήρ) to govern the day, and the lesser light (φ
ωστήρ) to govern the night; He made the stars also. 17 God placed them in the expanse of the heavens to give light (φ
αίνειν - inf. of φαίνω) on the earth, 18 and to govern the day and the night, and
to separate the light from the darkness; and God saw that it was good. (tov:This means that it did what He intended it to do. It functioned appropriately and
was pleasing to Him. It accomplished his purpose -cbl)
2. (VERB/PT) Shine/Radiating/Illuminating/penetrating physical light:
Revelation 22:5 And there will no longer be any night; and they will not have need of the
light (φωτὸς gen. neut. of φῶς.) of a lamp nor the light (φῶς
WH-acc neut.) of the sun, because the Lord God will illumine (φωτίζει - 3rd pres. act. ind of φ
αίνω) them; and they will reign forever and ever.
2. Life Light:
Proverbs 29:13 The poor man and the oppressor have this in common: The LORD gives light to the eyes of both.
Psalms 13:3 Consider and answer me, O LORD my God; Enlighten (φωτίζω -imp)
my eyes, or I will sleep the sleep of death - (lit. sleep into death)
3. Moral Light: Moral, behavioral light as opposed to amoral behavioral darkness:
1. Light:
Ephesians 5:13 But all things (nom. n. pl. adj) that are exposed (ἐλέγχω - pres. pt. - judicial - to
bring about evidence to convict - reprove, cross-examine, convict) are made manifest (main verb - to make visible) by (ὑπό under)
the light, for whatever makes manifest is light. πᾶν γὰρ τὸ φανερ
ούμενον (pres. nt. pt of φανερόω from φαί
νω - to make visible, known, exposed. lit. the illumination making thing) φῶς ἐστί.
Ephesians 5:9 WH (for the fruit of the Light (τοῦ φωτὸς)
consists (implied eimi) in (ἐν) all (πάσῃ) goodness (ἀγαθωσ
ύνῃ - dative from adj. ἀγαθός - to do ἀγαθός)
and righteousness (δικαιοσύνῃ) and truth (ἀλη
θείᾳ)
John 3:21 “But he who practices the truth (ὁ δὲ ποιῶν τὴν
ἀλήθειαν) comes (ἔρχεται - pres. ind) to the
Light (πρὸς τὸ φῶς), so that his deeds (nom. pl. noun) may be manifested (φα
νερόω) as having been wrought in God - (ὅτι ἐν Θεῷ ἐσ
τιν εἰργασμένα -
perf. nom. pl. pt from ergon or “as in God having been worked works”)...”
2. Darkness:
John 3:20 “ For everyone who does (ὁ πράσσω - pres. pt) evil (φαῦ
λα - moral baseness) hates (μισέω) the Light, and does not come to (πρός)
the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed (ἐλέγχω - judicial - to bring about evidence to convict - reprove,
cross-examine, convict).
4. Mental Light: Illuminated understanding / perception as opposed to darkened understanding / perception:
1. Light:
2Corinthians 4:3-4 And even if (ei w/ind) our gospel is veiled, it is veiled (perf. pt. of καλύπτω) to
those who are perishing, 4 in whose case the god of this world has blinded (τυφλόω - to deprive of sight / to blind) the
minds (νόημα - from nous - perception) of the unbelieving (ἄπιστος) so that
they might not see (αὐγάζω - act inf. rays or beams of the
sun - inf. to project/beam forth) (εἰς τὸ μὴ αὐγάσαι
αὐτοῖς - lit. eis - toward the not to beam forth to them) the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ,
who is the image of God.
2. Darkness: Re: Job’s accusation that his predicament was not fair:
Job 38:1-3 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, 2“Who is this that darkens (κρύπτω -
to cover/darken/conceal - like the ground from the locusts in Egypt's judgement) counsel By words without knowledge? 3 “Now gird up your loins like a man, And
I will ask you, and you instruct Me!
5. Light reveals or illuminates what was hidden:
2Timothy 1:10 but (δὲ) now (νῦν) has been revealed (φανερωθε
ῖσαν - aorist pass. pt. of φανερόω) by (διὰ) the appearing (ἐ
πιφανείας - brilliant, spectacular appearance, used 6x in NT and only of Jesus) of our Savior Christ Jesus,
who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light (φωτίσαντος - aorist pt. of φ
ωτίζω) through the gospel,
6. The Authority of The Light as opposed to The Darkness: Paul quoting Jesus to King Agrippa:
Acts 26:18 to open their eyes so that they may turn from darkness to light (εἰς φῶς)
and from the dominion of Satan (τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ
Σατανᾶ) to God (ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν),
that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who have been sanctified by faith in Me (πίστει
-dative of means - τῇ -apposition - εἰς ἐμέ - emphatic of μέ).’
7. Realm of The Light as opposed to realm of The Darkness:
1. Light:
Gen. 1:3-5 Then God said, “Let there be light (LXX φῶς-singular)”; and there was light (φῶς) lit.
“light be”. 4 God saw that the light was good (tov:This means that it did what He intended it to do. It functioned appropriately and was pleasing to Him.
It accomplished his purpose -cbl); and God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light day, and the darkness He called night. And there
was evening and there was morning, one day.
Col 1:12-13 giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified us to share in the inheritance of the saints in Light (ἐν τῷ
φωτί). 13 For He rescued (ἐρρύσατο - ῥύο
μαι - to save, deliver, rescue - from ἐρω to flow like a current) us from the domain (ἐκ τ
ῆς ἐξουσίας) of darkness, and transferred (μετέστ
ησεν - μετα+ ἵστημι = change + to set or place) us
to (εἰς τὴν) the kingdom (βασιλεία is used for action and spatially)
of His beloved Son,
2. Darkness:
1 Pet 2:9 But you are A CHOSEN RACE, A royal PRIESTHOOD, A HOLY NATION, A PEOPLE FOR God’s OWN POSSESSION, so that
you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness (ἐκ σκότους)
into His marvelous light; (εἰς τὸ θαυμαστὸν -to be
a cause of wonder or amazement - αὐτοῦ φῶς·)
8. Light as a system of Righteousness, Good, etc.
2Corinthians 6:14 Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have righteousness (δικαιο
σύνῃ) and lawlessness (ἀνομίᾳ), or what fellowship has light with darkness?
Ephesians 5:9 (for the fruit of the Light (τοῦ φωτὸς) consists in all goodness
and righteousness and truth),
Acts 26:23 that the Christ was to suffer, and that by reason of His resurrection from the dead He would be the first to
proclaim light (φῶς) both to the Jewish people and to the Gentiles.”
9. Light as Judgement and Deliverance at the second coming:
Amos 5:18 Alas, you who are longing for the day of the LORD, For what purpose will the day of the LORD be to you?
It will be darkness and not light;
1Thessalonians 5:4-5 But you, brethren, are not (pres. ind) in darkness (ἐν σκότ
ει), that the day would overtake you like a thief; :5 for you are (pres. act. ind) all sons of light (υἱοὶ
φωτός) and sons of day (υἱοὶ ἡμέρας). We
are (pres. act. ind) not of night nor of darkness;
disclaimer:
Job 38:18
“Have you understood the expanse of the earth?
Tell Me, if you know all this.
Job 38:19
¶ “Where is the way to the dwelling of light?
And darkness, where is its place,
Job 38:20
That you may take it to its territory
And that you may discern the paths to its home? ...
Job 38:24
“Where is the way that the light is divided,
Or the east wind scattered on the earth? ...
Job 40:3
Then Job answered the LORD and said,
Job 40:4
“Behold, I am insignificant; what can I reply to You?
I lay my hand on my mouth. |
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