Post by Deleted on Dec 23, 2012 2:31:47 GMT -7
1 John 1:6
If we say that we have fellowship with Him, and we walk in darkness, we lie and are not practicing the truth.
Broken down to words with their root word and part of speech and a basic English definition.
An Examination of each word and how Mood, Tense, Voice, Gender, Person, Sentence Structure and Syntax affect the basic definitions Meaning:
ἐὰν (if) is a conjunction. It opens up a conditional clause. The clause is -”If we say”- and this clause is a subordinate or secondary clause to the primary clause - We lie-. It also has subordinate clause under it to explain what is said. It also has a conjunctive relationship connecting the main verb ψευδόμεθα. When ἐὰν is used with a subjunctive verb in the protasis of the clause, added:it introduces a third class condition assumed to be not true. This is a something that is not happening - but if it should happen...presentation. 3rd class conditions always involve a future realization in the clause. This is a 5th class condition (a subcategory of the 3rd class) because the fulfillment of the condition is in the present tense "we lie - present, active, indicative.
εἴπωμεν (to say) is a subjunctive verb showing possibility. When used with ἐὰν the claim is not being made by the “we”, but is presented as a hypothetical - if “we should say”. It is an aorist showing that it is a claim made just once. It is also a 1st person plural verb showing that the hypothetical includes any or even all of those in the group “we” as opposed to just the speaker.
ὅτι (that) is a conjunction. It opens the clause explaining εἴπωμεν- and is therefore called an explanatory conjunction. Specifically it is explaining the hypothetical indirect quote of what was said. The whole explanatory clause is “that we are having fellowship with Him” and is subordinate to the clause “if we should say” which is in turn subordinate to the main clause “we lie”. ὅτι also has a conjunctive relationship connecting the verb εἴπωμεν to the verb ἔχομεν.
κοινωνίαν (fellowship) is an accusative case noun. It is functioning as the direct object of the verb ἔχομεν.
ἔχομεν (to have) is an indicative mood verb - the claim “we are having” is being stated as a fact. The tense is present and denotes continuous action. The person and number is the 1st person plural “we” and includes the the subject for the verb. The tense of the words “say” and “have” denote something different than just a one time event. They denote an ongoing claim, over the course of time, that they are having fellowship with the Lord.
μετ᾿(with) is a preposition with the root meaning of “in the middle or midst of”. It opens a prepositional phrase.
αὐτοῦ (him) is a personal pronoun. It is in the genitive case because the preposition determines the case of it’s object. It is being used as the object of the preposition μετ᾿. μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ is a prepositional phrase working off of the verb ἔχομεν.
καὶ (and) is a connecting conjunction used to modify ἔχομεν and περιπατῶμεν. It continues the thought from the first subordinate clause to this subordinate clause. If we should be repeatedly claiming... AND should be continually walking... Note that the conjunction is joining two present subjunctives. The verdict of “we lie” and “do not practice the truth” is not for making the claim nor is the verdict for making the claim and committing a sin. The verdict of “we lie” is for repeatedly making the claim in addition to continuously walking in darkness. This is a dependent clause and it opens with a conjunction. Therefore the clause is called a conjunctive clause.
ἐν (in) is a preposition of location. The preposition is establishing an actual location for the verb walk.
τῷ (the) is a definite article. It is actually an adjective modifying σκότει and describing which particular darkness. Definite articles show specificity.
σκότει (darkness) is a noun with the definite article. It is the object of the preposition ἐν. ἐν τῷ σκότει is a prepositional phrase working off of the verb περιπατῶμεν. It is in the dative case because ἐν always takes the dative for it’s object. The definite article shows specificity. It is a specific darkness, not darkness in general, that is being presented. Because ἐν denotes a location, “the darkness” is the entire realm of darkness.
περιπατῶμεν (to walk) is a compound word from peri (around) +patew (to walk) and means the conduct of one’s life or manner in which you conduct yourself. It is in the subjunctive mood showing possibility. It is in the present tense showing continuous conduct as opposed to a single act. It is a habitual lifestyle of conduct that is in the darkness that demands the verdict of “we lie” if we are also habitually claiming to be having fellowship with God.
ψευδόμεθα (to lie) is an indicative verb showing a statement of fact as opposed to a wish or desire. It is also a present tense verb showing continued lying. The claim of fellowship is ongoing, the walk in the darkness is ongoing and the verdict that the claim of fellowship is a lie, is ongoing.
καὶ introduces the primary clause “and we do not practice the truth”. It connects the main verb ψευδόμεθα of one independent clause to the main verb ποιοῦμεν of another independent clause. If the conditional clause’s condition is met, the verdict is we continually lie IN ADDITION TO continually not doing the truth.
οὐ is a negative particle. It negates the verb ποιοῦμεν
ποιοῦμεν (to do) is a 1st person plural and contains the subject “we”. It is an indicative verb showing a statement of fact as opposed to a possibility, wish or desire. It is a present tense verb showing an ongoing or continuous work. The direct object determines the best translation for this verb.
τὴν (the) is a definite article. It is an accusative, feminine, singular article and modifies ἀλήθειαν.
ἀλήθειαν (truth) is an accusative, feminine, singular noun and matches it’s article in case, gender and number. It is in the accusative case making it the the direct object of the verb ποιοῦμεν. It has an article modifying it, making it an articular noun. It is not just truth in general, but “the truth”.
added: Verse 6 ends with a semi-colon punctuation mark. The semi-colon is used here as a "weak" period meaning that it signals that although there are two independent clauses that could appear as a complete sentence, the logical relationship between the clauses is so strong that a connection needs to be maintained.
Note that there is no nominative case in the sentence. The subject is therefore the 1st person plural “we” contained in the main verb “lie”.
clause 101. You might also take note that the main verb “we lie” has no direct object. That is because the entire conditional clause that opens with ἐὰν functions as the direct object of the main verb. It is not technically a direct object since it is a clause and not a single word in the accusative case, but it is “functioning” as the direct object. If you want a visual for the clauses, go to opentext.org.
If we say that we have fellowship with Him, and we walk in darkness, we lie and are not practicing the truth.
Broken down to words with their root word and part of speech and a basic English definition.
ἐὰν ἐάν Conjunction if
εἴπωμεν λέγω Verb to say, speak, tell
ὅτι ὅτι Conjunction that, because, since; why?
κοινωνίαν κοινωνία Noun fellowship, participation
ἔχομεν ἔχω Verb to have
μετ᾿ μετά Preposition with; after
αὐτοῦ αὐτός Pronoun he, she, it; self, same; they
καὶ καί Conjunction and, also, even, yet, but
ἐν ἐν Preposition in, with, by, to
τῷ ὁ Article the, who, which
σκότει σκότος Noun darkness
περιπατῶμεν περιπατέω Verb to walk, walk around
ψευδόμεθα ψεύδομαι Verb to lie
καὶ καί Conjunction and, also, even, yet, but
οὐ οὐ Particle not
ποιοῦμεν ποιέω Verb to do, make; to work
τὴν ὁ Article the, who, which
ἀλήθειαν ἀλήθεια Noun truth, truthfulness, faithfulness
An Examination of each word and how Mood, Tense, Voice, Gender, Person, Sentence Structure and Syntax affect the basic definitions Meaning:
ἐὰν (if) is a conjunction. It opens up a conditional clause. The clause is -”If we say”- and this clause is a subordinate or secondary clause to the primary clause - We lie-. It also has subordinate clause under it to explain what is said. It also has a conjunctive relationship connecting the main verb ψευδόμεθα. When ἐὰν is used with a subjunctive verb in the protasis of the clause, added:
εἴπωμεν (to say) is a subjunctive verb showing possibility. When used with ἐὰν the claim is not being made by the “we”, but is presented as a hypothetical - if “we should say”. It is an aorist showing that it is a claim made just once. It is also a 1st person plural verb showing that the hypothetical includes any or even all of those in the group “we” as opposed to just the speaker.
ὅτι (that) is a conjunction. It opens the clause explaining εἴπωμεν- and is therefore called an explanatory conjunction. Specifically it is explaining the hypothetical indirect quote of what was said. The whole explanatory clause is “that we are having fellowship with Him” and is subordinate to the clause “if we should say” which is in turn subordinate to the main clause “we lie”. ὅτι also has a conjunctive relationship connecting the verb εἴπωμεν to the verb ἔχομεν.
κοινωνίαν (fellowship) is an accusative case noun. It is functioning as the direct object of the verb ἔχομεν.
ἔχομεν (to have) is an indicative mood verb - the claim “we are having” is being stated as a fact. The tense is present and denotes continuous action. The person and number is the 1st person plural “we” and includes the the subject for the verb. The tense of the words “say” and “have” denote something different than just a one time event. They denote an ongoing claim, over the course of time, that they are having fellowship with the Lord.
μετ᾿(with) is a preposition with the root meaning of “in the middle or midst of”. It opens a prepositional phrase.
αὐτοῦ (him) is a personal pronoun. It is in the genitive case because the preposition determines the case of it’s object. It is being used as the object of the preposition μετ᾿. μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ is a prepositional phrase working off of the verb ἔχομεν.
καὶ (and) is a connecting conjunction used to modify ἔχομεν and περιπατῶμεν. It continues the thought from the first subordinate clause to this subordinate clause. If we should be repeatedly claiming... AND should be continually walking... Note that the conjunction is joining two present subjunctives. The verdict of “we lie” and “do not practice the truth” is not for making the claim nor is the verdict for making the claim and committing a sin. The verdict of “we lie” is for repeatedly making the claim in addition to continuously walking in darkness. This is a dependent clause and it opens with a conjunction. Therefore the clause is called a conjunctive clause.
ἐν (in) is a preposition of location. The preposition is establishing an actual location for the verb walk.
τῷ (the) is a definite article. It is actually an adjective modifying σκότει and describing which particular darkness. Definite articles show specificity.
σκότει (darkness) is a noun with the definite article. It is the object of the preposition ἐν. ἐν τῷ σκότει is a prepositional phrase working off of the verb περιπατῶμεν. It is in the dative case because ἐν always takes the dative for it’s object. The definite article shows specificity. It is a specific darkness, not darkness in general, that is being presented. Because ἐν denotes a location, “the darkness” is the entire realm of darkness.
περιπατῶμεν (to walk) is a compound word from peri (around) +patew (to walk) and means the conduct of one’s life or manner in which you conduct yourself. It is in the subjunctive mood showing possibility. It is in the present tense showing continuous conduct as opposed to a single act. It is a habitual lifestyle of conduct that is in the darkness that demands the verdict of “we lie” if we are also habitually claiming to be having fellowship with God.
ψευδόμεθα (to lie) is an indicative verb showing a statement of fact as opposed to a wish or desire. It is also a present tense verb showing continued lying. The claim of fellowship is ongoing, the walk in the darkness is ongoing and the verdict that the claim of fellowship is a lie, is ongoing.
καὶ introduces the primary clause “and we do not practice the truth”. It connects the main verb ψευδόμεθα of one independent clause to the main verb ποιοῦμεν of another independent clause. If the conditional clause’s condition is met, the verdict is we continually lie IN ADDITION TO continually not doing the truth.
οὐ is a negative particle. It negates the verb ποιοῦμεν
ποιοῦμεν (to do) is a 1st person plural and contains the subject “we”. It is an indicative verb showing a statement of fact as opposed to a possibility, wish or desire. It is a present tense verb showing an ongoing or continuous work. The direct object determines the best translation for this verb.
τὴν (the) is a definite article. It is an accusative, feminine, singular article and modifies ἀλήθειαν.
ἀλήθειαν (truth) is an accusative, feminine, singular noun and matches it’s article in case, gender and number. It is in the accusative case making it the the direct object of the verb ποιοῦμεν. It has an article modifying it, making it an articular noun. It is not just truth in general, but “the truth”.
added: Verse 6 ends with a semi-colon punctuation mark. The semi-colon is used here as a "weak" period meaning that it signals that although there are two independent clauses that could appear as a complete sentence, the logical relationship between the clauses is so strong that a connection needs to be maintained.
Note that there is no nominative case in the sentence. The subject is therefore the 1st person plural “we” contained in the main verb “lie”.
clause 101. You might also take note that the main verb “we lie” has no direct object. That is because the entire conditional clause that opens with ἐὰν functions as the direct object of the main verb. It is not technically a direct object since it is a clause and not a single word in the accusative case, but it is “functioning” as the direct object. If you want a visual for the clauses, go to opentext.org.